Electric Power (Electric Energy)

 Volt - unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance

Ohm - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of one ampere when impelled by one volt

Ampere - units of current - one ampere is the current which one volt can send through a resistance of one ohm

Watt - unit of electrical energy or power - one watt is the product of one ampere and one volt - one ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt gives one watt of energy

Volt-ampere (VA) - is a measurement of power in a direct current ( DC ) electrical circuit. The VA specification is also used in alternating current ( AC ) circuits, but it is less precise in this application, because it represents apparent power , which often differs from true power .

Kilovolt Ampere - one kilovolt ampere - KVA - is equal to 1000 volt amperes

Power Factor - ratio of watts to volt amperes

Most important Formulas:

 Voltage V = I × R = P / I = √(P × R) in volts V         

Current I = V / R = P / V = √(P / R) in amperes A

Resistance R = V / I = P / I2 = V2 / P in ohms Ω    

Power P = V × I = R × I2 = V2 / R in watts W

 Electrical Potential - Ohm's Law

Ohm's law can be expressed as:

V = R I         (1a)

V = P / I         (1b)

V = (P R)1/2         (1c)

 Electric Current - Ohm's Law

I = V / R         (2a)

I = P / V         (2b)

I = (P / R)1/2         (2c)

 

Electric Resistance - Ohm's Law

R = V / I         (3a)

R = V2/ P         (3b)

R = P / I2         (3c)

Electric Power

P = V I         (4a)

P = R I2         (4b)

P = V2/ R         (4c)

where P = power (watts, W), V = voltage (volts, V)

I = current (amperes, A), R = resistance (ohms, Ω)

 

Electric Energy : 

Electric energy is power multiplied time, or

W = P t      (5)

where

W = energy (Ws, J), t = time (s)

 

Electrical Motors :

 Electrical Motor Efficiency

μ = 746 Php / Pinput_w         (6)

where μ = efficiency 

Php = output horsepower (hp)

Pinput_w = input electrical power (watts)

or alternatively 

μ = 746 Php / (1.732 V I PF)         (6b)

Electrical Motor - Power

P3-phase = (V I PF 1.732) / 1,000         (7 

where P3-phase = electrical power 3-phase motor (kW)

PF = power factor electrical motor

Electrical Motor - Amps

I3-phase = (746 Php) / (1.732 V μ PF)         (7)

where I3-phase = electrical current 3-phase motor (amps)

PF = power factor electrical motor

Electrical measurements

Quantity 

Name

Definition

frequency f

hertz (Hz)

1/s

force F

newton (N)

kg•m/s²

pressure p

pascal (Pa) = N/m²u 

kg/m•s²

energy E

work joule (J) = N•m

kg•m²/s²

power P

watt (W) = J/s

kg•m²/s³

electric charge Q

coulomb (C) = A•s

A•s

voltage V

volt (V)= W/A

kg•m²/A•s³

current I

ampere (A) = Q/s

A

capacitance C

farad (F) = C/V = A•s/V = s/Ω

A²•s4/kg•m²

Volt - unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance

Ohm - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of one ampere when impelled by one volt

 Ampere - units of current - one ampere is the current which one volt can send through a resistance of one ohm

Watt - unit of electrical energy or power - one watt is the product of one ampere and one volt - one ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt gives one watt of energy

Volt-ampere (VA) - is a measurement of power in a direct current ( DC ) electrical circuit. The VA specification is also used in alternating current ( AC ) circuits, but it is less precise in this application, because it represents apparent power , which often differs from true power .

Kilovolt Ampere - one kilovolt ampere - KVA - is equal to 1000 volt amperes

Power Factor - ratio of watts to volt amperes

 Most important Formulas:

 

Voltage V = I × R = P / I = √(P × R) in volts V         

Current I = V / R = P / V = √(P / R)

in amperes A

Resistance R = V / I = P / I2 = V2 / P in ohms Ω    

Power P = V × I = R × I2 = V2 / R in watts W

 



 

Electrical Potential - Ohm's Law

 

Ohm's law can be expressed as:

 

V = R I         (1a)

 

V = P / I         (1b)

 

V = (P R)1/2         (1c)

 

Electric Current - Ohm's Law

 

I = V / R         (2a)

 

I = P / V         (2b)

 

I = (P / R)1/2         (2c)

 

Electric Resistance - Ohm's Law

 

R = V / I         (3a)

 

R = V2/ P         (3b)

 

R = P / I2         (3c)

 

Electric Power

 

P = V I         (4a)

 

P = R I2         (4b)

 

P = V2/ R         (4c)

 

where

 

P = power (watts, W), V = voltage (volts, V)

 

I = current (amperes, A), R = resistance (ohms, Ω)

 

Electric Energy :Electric energy is power multiplied time, or

 

W = P t      (5)

 

where

 

W = energy (Ws, J), t = time (s)

 

Electrical Motors : Electrical Motor Efficiency

 

μ = 746 Php / Pinput_w         (6)

 

where

 

μ = efficiency

 

Php = output horsepower (hp)

 

Pinput_w = input electrical power (watts)

 

or alternatively

 

μ = 746 Php / (1.732 V I PF)         (6b)

 

Electrical Motor - Power

 

P3-phase = (V I PF 1.732) / 1,000         (7)

 

where

 

P3-phase = electrical power 3-phase motor (kW)

 

PF = power factor electrical motor

 

Electrical Motor - Amps

 

I3-phase = (746 Php) / (1.732 V μ PF)         (7)

 

where

 

I3-phase = electrical current 3-phase motor (amps)

 

PF = power factor electrical motor

Electrical measurements

Quantity

Name

Definition

frequency f

hertz (Hz)

1/s

force F

newton (N)

kg•m/s²

pressure p

pascal (Pa) = N/m²

kg/m•s²

energy E

work joule (J) = N•m

kg•m²/s²

power P

watt (W) = J/s

kg•m²/s³

electric charge Q

coulomb (C) = A•s

A•s

voltage V

volt (V)= W/A

kg•m²/A•s³

current I

ampere (A) = Q/s

A

capacitance C

farad (F) = C/V = A•s/V = s/Ω

A²•s4/kg•m²